Peptides of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH)/red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) family are released from the brain-retro cerebral complexes of insects. They have been reported to mobilize lipids and carbohydrates from their fat body. In the present study, the fat depleting effect of the brain-retro cerebral complex extract of the mango leaf webber Orthaga exvinacea (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) were demonstrated in vivo and the results showed that they have a pivotal role in lipid release. We purified the insect adipokinetic hormone by High pressure liquid chromatography and examined its activity on lipid mobilization and release from the liver tissues of two vertebrates- chicken and rat by conducting in vitro experiments. The study revealed that hormone extract produced significant increase in lipid mobilization compared to the controls in which insect saline was used instead of hormone extract. There was an increase by 41% (P<0.05) in the case of chicken liver and an increase by 8% (P<0.05) in the case of rat liver. The study suggests the possibility of exploiting the fat depleting effect of insect neuropeptide hormones for therapeutic purposes for human.

The adoption of pharmaceutical care both as a theoretical and practical possibility should be understood as a response to and best applicable in an environment for which it was developed. In this respect the adoption of pharmaceutical care in the Eritrean health care system raises the question whether we have taken the right lesson from the history of the emergence of pharmaceutical care. There are different models of pharmacy practice, their successful adoption however depends on the degrees of similitude between the settings for which they were developed and the settings they are in question of being adopted by. In short, the successful implementation of Pharmaceutical care (PC) in Eritrea is a function of the path pharmacy practice might have taken so far. The suggestion made for change of pharmacy practice in Eritrea is however a reversal of the sequence of steps that led to its development in the west. After studying the Eritrean pharmaceutical experience there is no reason why we shouldn’t draft a genuinely different model rather than advocating the implementation of Pharmaceutical care all along.

Medicinal plants have always been thought to be a healthy source of life for all people. Therapeutic properties of Medicinal Plants are very useful in curing various diseases and the onus of these medicinal plants is being 100% natural. Now day’s people are practically forced to use thousands of unhealthy products, the level of sensibility in front of diseases is very high and that's why the use of medicinal plants can present the best option. Hence there is an increase of interest in natural plant based remedies also as a source of commercial product. This paper focuses on some leaves used in treating various dreadful and life threatening diseases namely Cancer, AIDS and Diabetes.

Amidst unbearable side effects, and the expensive nature of imported drugs used in the management of sickle cell disease and diabetes, the search for attractive alternative with emphasis on availability and safety, will continue especially in resource poor countries. Again, it’s not clear why there is sustained upsurge in diabetic and sickle cell disease despite efforts to clamp them down. The database on useful medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes and sickle cell was therefore improved. Other potential drugs suggested. Medicinal herbs can act as broad spectrum agents serving as anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and against sickle cell disease.

Oral hygiene decreases severity of chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. Miswak (Salvadora persica) is the most widely used chewing stick for oral hygiene. This study examines the preventive action of aqueous Salvadora presica (S. persica) extract against 5-FU induced mucositis. Aqueous S. persica (500 mg/kg) were introduced orally two times daily from day 1 to day 8. Mucositis was induced using single IP injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) at 5th day of study. According to WHO grading system 67 % of rats treated with 5-FU showed mucositis while 0% of S.persica treated rats expressed severe mucositits (P≤0.05). S.persica showed no significant changes in measured antioxidant markers. Also myeloperoxidase didn't decease significantly by S.persica. S.persica induces significant (P≤0.05) increase in keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in mucosa tissues compared to 5-FU. Oral care using aqueous S.persica extract promotes healing of 5-FU induced mucositis in part due to induction of KGF in mucosa tissue.

Renal failure is an important non-communicable disease that affects world population including India. The prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease is rising throughout the developed and developing countries. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercise on muscle cramps among patients undergoing hemodialysis in selected hospitals at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. A quasi experimental pre and post test with control group design was used in this study. A total sample of 60 was selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique and was divided equally to control and interventional groups. Intradialytic stretching exercise was given for interventional group. Data was collected before and after intervention by using Modified Brief Pain Inventory Scale. The study findings showed that the Intradialytic stretching exercise was effective to relieve the muscle cramps among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Schizophrenia is a complex chronic mental illness that is characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms without racial or socioeconomic prejudice. It affects approximately one percent of the population worldwide and is a leading cause for disability and premature mortality in developed countries. The objective of the study was to assess the level of primary mental function among Schizophrenics, to evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy on primary mental function among Schizophrenics in experimental group and to associate the post test level of primary mental function among Schizophrenics with their selected demographic variables. The conceptual frame work used for the study was based on J.W Kenny’s open system theory. A quasi experimental pre test post test with control group design was used in this study. A total of 40 subjects were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique in a selected Psychiatric centre, Coimbatore. Art therapy was given for experimental group. Data was collected before and after intervention by using Standardized Mini Mental State Examination tool. The study findings showed that the obtained‘t’ value was 6.95*, which was significant at p<0.005 level. It shows that Art therapy was effective in improving primary mental function among Schizophrenics.

The methanolic extract of Brassica Rapa Chinensis (1mg/ml) leaves showed the presence of phytochemicals as Qualitative- secondary metabolites and Quantitative- Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins and HPTLC analysis-Phenols, Flavonoids.