Diabetic nephropathy is one of the serious diabetic complications and has been a major cause of end-stage renal disease which requires dialysis or transplantation. The role of oxygen radicals are known for the pathogenesis of kidney damage. There are several recent studies focusing positively on therapeutics of diabetic nephropathy using traditional herbal medicines. This study adopted oral administration of naringenin to determine the protective effects of it on improving antilipid perxidative and antioxidants. Total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control, diabetic nephropathy (DN), DN+naringenin and naringenin alone. The altered body weight and kidney weight of DN induced animals were normalized in naringenin treated rats. There is no significant difference in naringenin alone treated groups. The increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidants (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT, and GST) levels were found in group II DN rats. The altered oxidative stress markers were normalized in naringenin administered groups. The changes suggestive of dilation of tubules necrosis and swelling of the epithelial cells with slight loss in brush border integrity were found in the kidney tissue of DN induced animals. The naringenin treated animals were normalized histopathological changes. We conclude that naringenin have protective effects against DN due to its antilipid peroxidative effects.

Alangium species used as natural medicine, prescribed by Ayurveda, Sidda medical practitioners for various diseases due to its wide range of biological profile. Our study is the phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol leaf extracts of Alangium salvifolium. The qualitative chemical analysis were showed the presence of proteins, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids are main active constituents responsible for the various fascinating biological activities.

To evaluate the anti-osteoarthritis activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract (EAE) in Mono-iodoacetate (MIA) induced osteoarthritis (OA). Forty Adult male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. MIA was injected in right knee joints to induce OA. Oral treatment with EAE at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was started on day 14 after MIA injection and was continued until the study was terminated on day 28. Then the rats were sacrificed and the right knee joints were removed, fixed in 10% formalin and decalcified for histological studies. Very poor anti-OA property was observed in MIA+250 mg/kg EAE treated group. Histological changes, cellularity and matrix staining of articular cartilage in MIA+500 mg/kg EAE treatment were significantly changed compared to MIA treated animals. These effects were considerably more in MIA+1000 mg/kg EAE treated animals. Our results demonstrate that EAE can effectively improve OA- induced by MIA in a dose-dependent manner and might be clinically useful.

Plants are known for treating infections since ancient times, they are a good source of having phytochemicals with marked antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms. The present study was aimed for screening of phytochemicals and to determine antimicrobial potentials of Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella and Cyclea peltata against opportunistic microbes isolated from wounds in diabetic patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were identified in the diabetic patients wound infections. The plant extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion method. Entire aerial part extracts of Cyclea peltata showed no zone of inhibition, however ethyl acetate leaf extract and methanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonducella showed a moderate level of antimicrobial activity and their MIC were determined. Further research work is required in regarding isolation and characterization of active phytochemical compounds responsible for their antimicrobial activity.

Studies were carried out on the leaves of Cassia alata. An isoflavone 2, 5, 7, 4'-tetrahydroxy isoflavone was isolated for the first time from the leaves of Cassia alata with the help of column and thin layer chromatography by using a gradient mixture of organic solvents with increasing polarity. The compound was characterized on the basis of UV, IR, and 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrometry and confirmed the compound belonged to the isoflavone series.