Aim and Objectives: To study the potential drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in psychotropic drug prescriptions. Methodology: A prospective observational study on in-patients of psychiatric unit was carried out. Patients were regularly followed and monitored for potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The collected data was documented in suitable data collection form. The identified ADRs were assessed for causality, severity and preventability scales. Results: Most of the patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome 52(34.7%) followed by schizophrenia 42(28%). Antipsychotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs. Out of 150 patients 366 potential drug-drug interactions were identified. Out of this 109 were considered major, 243 were moderate, and 14 were minor. During the study period 84 ADRs were identified. Most common ADR noticed in this study was sedation followed by tremor, akathisia, and hyper salivation. As per the WHO causality assessment 54(64.2%) of ADR`s were probable. Hart wig`s severity scale showed that 45.2% of the identified ADR`s were moderate. Majority of the ADRs were not preventable. Most of the ADRs were caused during antipsychotic drug therapy. Rispiridone was the suspected drug for most of the identified ADR`s. Conclusion: The study identified pDDI and ADRs associated with the psychotropic drugs. Analysis shows that antipsychotics are the major class of drugs that caused major drug interaction and adverse drug reactions. Frequent monitoring and early detection may enhance better management.

Multiple emulsions are the novel drug delivery in which different polydispersed systems where both oil in water and water in oil emulsion exists all together which are stabilized by hydrophilic and lipophillic surfactants respectively. Stability of multiple emulsions is completely dependent upon the ratio of these surfactants is used in the formulation. Along with water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) and oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) type multiple emulsions; the former has wider range of application. Formulation, preparation methodology and in-vitro evaluation methods for multiple emulsions are reviewed. It has number of applications in controlled or sustained drug delivery, taste masking, bioavailability enhancement, targeted drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, etc. In the microencapsulation process Multiple emulsions have also role as intermediate step and are systems of enhancing interest for the buccal delivery of hydrophilic drugs, and these are unstable in GIT like proteins and peptides.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is widely used in the preparation of beverages. Active component of this plant exhibit antimicrobial activity, yet little research has been conducted on their possible use in food systems as antimicrobials. The use of this tradicinal medicinal plant as natural antimicrobial agents is gaining popularity. The Hibiscus sabdariffa is widely used for the treatment of diseases. The present study is the continuation of a program aimed at investigation of antimicrobial properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract. The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Gram positive; B. subtilis, S. aureus and Enterococcus and Gram negative; E. coli, Acetobacter, citrobacter, bacteria. This study shows that methenolic leaves extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn inhibit the growth of microorganism’s dose dependently. The appear results confirm that the antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves.

Pharmacognosy has very vast applications in the therapeutics and Pharmaceutical Industry. The importance of Pharmacognosy includes the thorough knowledge on the, cultivation, collection, history, standardization, packaging and storage of a crude drugs and economic substances affecting the health of man and other animals. In Pharmacognosy the drug-drug, drug-food interactions are studied, which helps us avoids the untoward effects of severe interactions and hence helps in obtaining the optimal therapeutic benefits. It also includes plant taxonomy, plant breeding, plant pathology, and plant genetics and by this knowledge one can improve the cultivation methods for both medicinal and aromatic plants. In other way pharmacognosy is a connective link between basic and science pharmaceuticals as well as allopathic and Ayurvedic system of medicines. So Pharmacognosy is a science of active principles of crude drugs derived from natural origin can could be dispensed, formulated, formulated and manufactured in dosage forms acceptable in allopathic system of medicine. In short the complete knowledge of Pharmacognosy will help in the recent trend that is in pharma industries.

Emulgels are used as better topical drug delivery systems over other systems because of many properties. The use of emulgel can be found in analgesics, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-acne drugs and various cosmetic formulations. With this approach the use of polymers with enhanced effect in release pattern has been emerged providing sustained and controlled release. The presence of a gelling agent in the water phase converts a classical emulsion into an emulgel. These emulgel show major advantages on novel vesicular system as well as on conventional systems in various aspects. Emulgels have many favourable properties for dermatologic use like being thixotropic, greaseless, simply spreadable, simply removable, emollient, nonstaining, long period, bio-friendly, clear and pleasing look.