In view of the conventional and medicinal uses of the plant, studies have been conducted on its chemical constituents by various workers. Uptill now, several flavones glycosides including lippiflorin A and B, nodiflorin A and B, nodifloritin A and B, alkaloids, essential oil, resin, sugars and stigmasterol have been reported. In view of the reported biological and medicinal significance, present studies were undertaken on the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of Lippia nodiflora was isolated by column chromatography followed by characterization of isolated compounds by UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The repeated fractionation of active ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of Lippia nodiflora by silica gel column chromatography yielded, yellowish red amorphous powder obtained by concentrating the eluent fractions (20-28 fractions) and this compound designated as LN - 1. The compound LN - 1 which isolated from this column chromatography was subjected into spectral studies for the determination of the structure. Characterization of isolated compounds by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT 90, DEPT 135, HMBC, HSQC, 1H - 1H COSY and Mass spectroscopy. Isolated compound from Lippia nodiflora was determined as 3´´´ acetyl verbascoside, chemically b (3, 4 - dihydroxy phenyl) ethyl) 3 - O α - 3´´´ acetyl rhamno pyranosyl) 4’ - O caffeoyl b - D glucopyranoside.

The male factor is a major contributory factor to infertility. Oxidative stress is the important cause of male infertility which is oxygen-derived radicals, generated constantly as a main part of normal aerobic life. These radicals are formed in mitochondria as oxygen is reduced along the electron transport chain and collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is a powerful mechanism causing sperm damage, deformity and finally leads to male infertility. Antioxidants suppress the action of these reactive oxygen species in a regulatory manner but in several conditions viz., aging, physical injury, chronic disease and toxin exposure, these ROS production increases and causes oxidative stress which leads to cellular damage. The review article enlightens the physiological and pathological role of ROS in normal sperm function and to explore the role of antioxidant therapies in management of ROS causes infertility.

Worms infect more than one third of the world’s population, with the most intense infections in children and the poor1. About half of the population in South India and 50% of school children in tribal areas of Central India3 are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms. In Siddha system, many herbs and formulations are indicated and practiced for Anthelmintic action. The two herbs chosen for the current study Kattuseeragam and Vaivilangam have been mentioned in the Siddha literature as having anthelmintic properties. However there are no proved scientific supporting preclinical data yet now in the combination therapy of kattuseeragam and vaivilangam. Various research studies on traditional medicines are needed to standardize the Siddha medicine similar to Modern Medicine. However, its prospective will depend on proving its significance through scientific tests of verifiability and reproducibility. The current study was aimed to formulate vaivilangam choornam for the treatment of intestinal helminthes caused by heavy worm burden in young children. From the various pre-clinical studies like phytochemical studies, microbial content assay, heavy metal analysis, aflatoxins, pesticides residuals and in vitro anthelmintic activity of vaivilangam choornam compared with modern medicine tablet albendazole proves that vaivilangam choornam will be the right choice and safe siddha medicine for the treatment of intestinal helminthes infestations in Indian children.

The climber Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) belongs to family Araceae which is known as Anaittippilliin Tamil. In the present study isolated piperine from Scindapsus officinalis fruit were subjected to the phyto chemical investigation and evaluation of antidiabetic activity on blood glucose level, lipid profiles and on the body weight in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Isolated piperine (100 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (10mg/kg) were administered orally in streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. In this antidiabetic study, maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed in isolated piperine (160.8, 96.7 mg/dl) at the dose of 100 mg/kg on 21stday respectively. The isolated piperine showed the significant effect (p<0.005) in the various biochemical parameters like protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipid levels. Isolated piperine (100mg/kg) was found to have significant (p<0.001) blood glucose lowering effect. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, as the major constituents in the scindapsus officinal is plant. These results suggest that piperine (100mg/kg) showed antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Traditional system of medicine consists of large number of medicinal plants, which conveyed their potential therapeutic utilities, Aeglemarmelos (Linn) is commonly known as “Bael” belongs to family Rutaceae, widely grown in India. The pharmacognostical evaluation of Aeglemarmelos was performed by study microscopy, morphological, phytochemical screening. Fluorescence analysis of various extract of leaves powder with different reagent, elemental analysis for heavy metals iron, chlorides, and nitrates was carried out. Microscopically studies revealed the specific characters in leaves has been observed and phytochemical screening revealed presence of carbohydrates, fats and oils, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compound. Fluorescence analysis of extract of leaves shows different colours with different reagents. The above pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies will be beneficial for identification and authentication of leaves of plant Aeglemarmelos.