Inflammation is one of the common causes of disease. Every chronic disease is an inflammatory disease. Targeting the inflammation process is one of the good strategies to prevent disease occurrence and progression. The present study was focused to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of diindolyl methane (DIM), a naturally occurring phytochemical by using in vitro studies such as albumin denaturation assay, heat induced haemolysis and hypo tonicity effect on human erythrocytes (membrane stabilization). Three different concentrations of DIM (20, 40, 80µg/ ml) was used to study the In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities and aspirin (40µg/ ml) was used as reference drug. The experiment was conducted in triplicate. The percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation and hemolysis (55, 35, and 20) is more in 80µg DIM treated group as compared to the effect of standard drug (68, 43, and 21). But no significant difference between 40µg and 80µg DIM treated groups (52, 32, and 18). The results reveal the better anti-inflammatory effect at minimum dose of DIM (40µg/ml) and further In vitro studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action.

DU145 (DU-145) and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines are the "classical" cell lines of prostatic cancer. DU145 cells have moderate metastatic potential compared to PC3 cells which have high metastatic potential. The DU145 cell line was derived from brain metastasis. DU145 are not hormone-sensitive and do not express prostate-specific antigen (PSA). It has been demonstrated that administration of NFkappaB ligand RANKL promoted DU145 cell invasion in bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions. DU145 cells also produce soluble factors that activate pre-osteoblast precursors and increase RANKL expression, thus facilitating prostate cancer metastasis in bone. The main objective of the present research work was the evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of EE-CS (Ricinus communis). The in vitro anticancer activity was carried out against human prostate cancer cell line DU-145 by SRB assay. The results obtained from the in-vitro studies performed by SRB assay by using human prostate cancer cell line DU-145 displayed that EE-CS possessed good anticancer activity. From the present studied it had been concluded that EE-CS exhibiting the potential anticancer activity on DU-145 cell line which was proved by using standard drug 5-FU and it was found that EE-CS, with the highest 92.80% growth inhibition at 40 µg (IC50 = 2.5 µg/ml), with the 90.06% growth inhibition at 30 µg (IC50 = 2.9 µg/ml). The IC50 value of standard drug 5-FU was found to be 1.5 µg/ml with 96.54 % growth inhibition at concentration 50 µg/ml.

Majority of chronic diseases are stem from unresolved inflammation process. Some diet and phytochemicals act as inhibitors of inflammation and prevent the occurrence of several inflammation related pathogenesis. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of allylisothiocyanate (AITC), a naturally occurring phytochemical by using in vitro studies such as albumin denaturation assay, heat induced haemolysis and hypotonicity effect on human erythrocytes (membrane stabilization). Three different concentrations of AITC (1, 2, 4µg/ ml) was used to study the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activities and Diclofenac sodium (2µg/ ml) was used as reference drug. The experiment was conducted in triplicate. The percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation and hemolysis occur in dose dependent manner and significant effects are observed (47, 37, and 25) in 4µg AITC treated group which are close to the action of standard drug (49, 42, and 30). But no significant difference between 2µg (45, 36, and 22) and 4µg AITC treated groups. The results reveal the better anti-inflammatory effect of AITC at minimum dose of (2µg/ml) and further in vitro studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action.

The epidemiology of food borne diseases is rapidly changing. Recently described pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and the epidemic strain of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 (which is resistant to at least five antimicrobial drugs), have become important public health problems. Well- recognized pathogens, such as Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, have increased in prevalence or become associated with new vehicles. Emergence in food borne diseases is driven by the same forces as emergence in other infectious diseases: changes in demographic characteristics, human behavior, industry, and technology; the shift toward a global economy; microbial adaptation; and the breakdown in the public health infrastructure. Addressing emerging food borne diseases will require more sensitive and enhanced methods of laboratory identification and sub typing, and effective prevention and control. The epidemiology of food borne disease is changing. New pathogens have the contamination of human food with sewage or animal manure.

Science is becoming more and more advanced, it is providing numerous techniques and provides tools to diagnose, treat various infections. Probiotics are the developing field of science which can destroy many oral diseases. They are dietary supplements which are nothing but the cultures of bacteria, yeasts or other microorganisms that stimulates health promoting flora and suppress disease causing pathogens. Probiotics have now been widely used in medical as well as dental field. Probiotics can be used to prevent oral infections such as dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. They can also be used the aim of this review is to understand the mechanism of action of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity and the effects and also the application of probiotics in the field of dentistry. Which can improve the oral health.