Aim: This study was planned to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Cassia fistula fruit extracts on diabetic rats which is induced by streptozotocin. Methods: Petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia fistula fruits were tested (500 mg/ kgp.o.) for 21 days and on the last day, serum was subjected for various biochemical parameters viz. glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides etc. Results: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia fistula fruits have shown a significant (P<0.001) anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Further, this is confirmed by significant restoring of biochemical parameters and improvement in body weight. Conclusion: The results are obtained in this study indicate the significant of antihyperglycemic effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by mediated through restoration of biochemical parameters level. This observed effect of title plant could be due to high phenolic constituents present in it.

Eight known compounds, including: taraxasterol acetate, ceryl alcohol (hexacosanol), β-amyrin, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol mixture, p-coumaric acid, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside mixture, quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside and galegine (prenyl guanidine) were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of hydroalcoholic extracts of the (branches of aerial parts and roots) and flowers of Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. and Hook. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using physicochemical characters and spectral methods: mass, UV, IR and NMR analyses. The total hydroalcoholic extracts possessed a promising cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma using MTT assay. The total hydroalcoholic extract, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were active against Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram -ve bacteria (Escherichia coli) and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans) by the diffusion agar technique.

In this communication, preparation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera aqueous extract from leaf, flower and bark by green synthesis sol-gel method is done. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-Visible and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From UV-Visible spectroscopy, higher band gap energy of 4.3eV is obtained in the near visible region at the wavelength of 286.5 nm. Among these extract prepared from leaf, flower and bark of Moringa Oleifera, ZnO nanoparticles using bark of the plant is shown sharp peaks in XRD confirming the crystallinity of the particles.

This research aims to identify the Phytochemical screening and in vitro total phenolic and flavonoid contents of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Eclipta alba and Lippia nodiflora. All the main phytoconstituents were present in ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extracts as compared to petroleum ether extract. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Measurement of total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba was found to be 0.0, 6.02 ± 0.18, 12.23 ± 0.05 and 6.05 ± 0.15 mE GAE/mg of the extract respectively and in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of Lippia nodiflora was found to be 5.82 ± 0.09, 6.10 ± 0.08, 15.77 ± 0.12 and 13.71 ± 0.05 mE GAE/mg of the extract respectively [with the equation y= 0.025x + 0.0580 (r2 = 0.9952)]. Flavanoid contentin hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba was found to be 2.85 ± 0.11, 4.3 ± 0.063, 5.5 ± 0.051 and 6.15 ± 0.058 mEQuercetin/mg of the extract respectively and in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of Lippia nodiflora was found to be 3.89 ± 0.032, 4.15 ± 0.15, 7.09 ± 0.032 and 5.05 ± 0.15 mEQuercetin/mg of the extract respectively [with the equation y= 0.0391x + 0.040 (r2 = 0.9830)]. The results are in accordance with the phytochemical properties present in the plant.

There are varieties of bioactive compounds in plants, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes etc., noted to have a major role in nutrition, physiology and control of diseases. The foremost important task in this exemplar is the screening of compound in the plants. The chromatographic study of the compounds serves to be a very valuable and reliable source in the progression of bioactive compounds screening in plants. The repeated fractionation of active ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba by silica gel column chromatography yielded, white amorphous powder obtained by concentrating the eluent fractions (125 - 169 fractions) and this compound designated as EA-1. The compound EA-I which isolated from this column chromatography was subjected into spectral studies for the determination of the structure. Characterization of isolated compounds by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT 90, DEPT 135, HMBC, HSQC, 1H - 1H COSY and Mass spectroscopy. Isolated compound from Eclipta alba was determined as 2´ acetyl eclalbasaponin II, chemically O-[β-D- 2’ acetyl gluco pyranosyl] Echinocystic acid.