Tragia plukenetii R. Smithis a traditionally used medicinal plant reputed for its therapeutic properties. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics, antioxidant activity and anthelmintic efficacy of the ethanolic leaf extract of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith. Phytochemical screening and pharmacognostic parameters including ash values, extractive values, foaming index, and crude fiber content were also determined. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays with Gallic acid as the standard. In-vitro anthelmintic activity was tested against Pheretima posthuma, while in-vivo activity was evaluated in mice infected with Ascaris lumbricoides by fecal egg count reduction method. Pharmacognostic values were within acceptable ranges, supporting quality control of the crude drug. Phytochemical screenings confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. The extract exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with significant radical scavenging (IC₅₀ = 37.32µg/ml) and reducing power, though less potent than Gallic acid (IC₅₀ = 0.81µg/ml). In-vitro anthelmintic studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in paralysis and death times of worms, with the 50mg/ml dose acting faster than albendazole. In-vivo studies showed significant reduction in fecal egg counts at 200, 400 and 800mg/kg, with the highest dose achieving 90.81% reduction compared to 99.43% by albendazole. Acute toxicity evaluation revealed no mortality or toxic signs up to 2000mg/kg, confirming safety. Overall, the ethanolic extract of Tragia plukenetii exhibits significant antioxidant and anthelmintic activities with a wide safety margin, supporting its ethnomedicinal use and potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

Persea Americanais a plant known for its medicinal properties. Its use is therefore unregulated. This raises the problem of uncontrolled use of this plant. This study aims toevaluate the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Persea Americana leaves on witsar rats. Methodology: The phytochemical study of Persea Americana was carried out and the toxicity was evaluated by orally administering a single dose of 2000mg/kg of body weight to groups of rats and distilled water to two other groups of control rats. The toxicological parameters were observed compared to the control groups for 14 days. Results: The phytochemical study identified sterols, tannins, quinones, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes and saponins. The single dose of 2000mg/kg did not induce death in the animals, no signs of apathy, breathing problems, or bleeding etc. were observed. On the other hand, a decrease in the quantity of food and water ingested as well as in weight was recorded but this was not significant compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study confirm the usefulness of Persea Americana in traditional medicine. Although this plant would be non-toxic at the dose of 2000mg/kg bw, further studies are necessary to define the dose necessary for longer exposure.

The present research were carried out to evaluate the anti-depression and anti-anxiety potential of the ethanolic extracts of Anthocephalus cadamba and Ziziphus caracutta. Depression and anxiety are major mental health concern that affect a large number of people globally. Although several synthetic medicines are available their use is limited due to unwanted side effects and dependency problems. Therefore natural herbal sources are being explored as safer and effective alternatives. The ethanolic extracts of these plants were screened for their phytochemical components, which showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and tannins are known for their neuroprotective activity. In vivo studies were conducted using behavioral models such as the Forced Swim Test, Yail Suspension Test, Elevated Plus Maze Method, Dark and Light Model. The extracts significantly reduced immobility time and increase exploratory behavior, indicating both anti-depressant and anxiolytic activity. These findings suggest that Anthocephalus cadamba and Ziziphus caracutta possess promising neuropharmacological effects and may serve as potential herbal remedies for the treatment of depression and anxiety.