The use of marine algae plays a vital role to maintain the human health. Due to the high demand for traditional medicines, there is a need for continuous research on marine algae for their therapeutic effects. Therefore, to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening present in the of marine red algae Actinotrichia fragilis. Five different solvent extracts of the algae selected for the study were prepared using (Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Acetone, Methanol and Chloroform) of Actinotrichia fragilis were prepared by cold maceration method and the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmoella, Bacillus subtills, Streptococcus and Stapylococcus aureus. The phytoconstituents such as carbohydrates and glycosides, proteins and free amino acids, phenolic compounds and tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids were found to be present in the extracts. The total tannin content, phenolic content and flavonoid content were determined by colorimetric method. The presence or absence of phytocostituents depends upon the solvent medium used for extraction and the physiological property of the seaweeds. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the seaweeds may be used abroad spectrum antimicrobial and bioactive agents after extensive investigation.

Multiple emulsions square measure many-sided polydisperse systems wherever each oil in water and water in oil emulsion exists all at once that square measure stable by lipophillic and hydrophilic surfactants severally. Stability of multiple emulsions is completely dependent upon the ratio of these surfactants is used in the formulation. Among water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) and oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) kind multiple emulsions; the previous has wider areas of application. Formulation, preparation methodology and in-vitro evaluation methods for multiple emulsions are reviewed. It has several of applications in controlled or sustained drug delivery, targeted drug delivery, taste masking, bioavailability enhancement, enzyme immobilization, etc. Multiple emulsions have conjointly been applicable as intermediate step within the microencapsulation method and square measure the systems of accelerating interest for the oral delivery of hydrophilic medicine, which are unstable in gastrointestinal tract like proteins and peptides. This review is focused on applications of multiple emulsions.

Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) have been used from many years as a conventional source of natural bioactive compounds and have many potential components which is used to prepare lot of cosmetics products. The ingredients present in Agaricus bisporus are beneficial to the skin and hair. The ingredients presents in Agaricus bisporus are as follows: Polysaccharides, Vitamins, Phenolics, Polyphenolics, Terpenoids, Selenium and Volatile organic compounds. Agaricus bisporus show excellent Pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, and moisturizing effects, which make them ideal candidates for cosmetics products. Lectins participate crucial role in biological processes such as cellular signaling, scavenging of glycoproteins from the circulatory system, cell–cell interactions in the immune system, differentiation and protein targeting to cellular compartments, as well as in host defence mechanisms, inflammation, and cancer. Along with all the sources of lectins, plants have been most extensively studied. However, more recently fungal lectins have attracted considerable attention due to their antitum or, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Only 10% of mushroom species have been taxonomically classified, mushrooms represent an enormous unexplored source of potentially useful and novel lectins.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate effect of Empagliflozin alone and its combination with Metformin on cardiovascular complications in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into following groups, each group containing 6 animals and the treatment period for whole study was 4 weeks. Group 1: Non-diabetic control [0.5 % hydroxy ethyl cellulose] as vehicle for 4 weeks and (ND-CON)] and normal saline subcutaneously on 29th and 30th day. Group 2: STZ-NIC diabetic control [0.5 % hydroxy ethyl cellulose] as vehicle for 4 weeks (D-CON)] and received ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day in normal saline. Group 3: Diabetic rats treated with Empagliflozin (5mg/kg p.o for 4 weeks) followed by Isoproterenol. Group 4: Diabetic rats treated with Empagliflozin (10mg/kg p.o for 4 weeks) followed by Isoproterenol. Group 5: Diabetic rats treated with Empagliflozin (5mg/kg) + Metformin (50mg/kg) p.o for 4 weeks followed by Isoproterenol. At the end of the treatment period, rats were anaesthetized with anaesthetic and blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus for estimation of different biochemical parameters like Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, cardiac troponin I, lipid serum profile, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and histopathology of heart. The combined treatment with empagliflozin 5 mg/kg and metformin was able to improve the hyperglycemia and decrease the level of CK-MB, LDH, AST, Troponin and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL and VLDL), with increased level of HDL-cholesterol level even greater than treatment with individual drug.

A UPLC-MS method for the quantification of the levalbuterol is described, in addition to its application to the in vitro study of metabolism in rat liver microsomes. Protein precipitation extraction was used to extract the sample from microsome samples and the separation was performed on a C18 protected with a guard column of the same type using Water: Acetonitrile with 0.1% Formic acid as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3mlmin-1. The detection was carried out at 276nm. The method proved to be linear in the range of 2.5-30ngml-1, with a quantification Precision and accuracy, demonstrated by within-day and between-day assays, were lower than 15%. The metabolic study demonstrated that metabolism found two metabolites formed in the incubation mixture of liver microsomes and sample with NADPH, which are identified by LC-MS.