Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) is a widely cultivated plant (Family: Cucurbitaceae). It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform, fruits that are used as vegetables. Traditionally, Cucumis sativus possesses anti-diarrhoeal, anti-urolithiatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, proteolytic, anti-fungal, antioxidant and anti panic activities. The leaves of this plant is used for headache, seeds as diuretic, the fruit juice of this plant is used as nutritive and as a demulcent in anti-acne lotions. In the present study the ethanolic leaf extract of Cucumis sativus is screened for its phytochemical and biological activity (anti-panic activity) as per the traditional value by scientific manner. The results concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of Cucumis sativus possessed significant anti-panicactivity when compared with the standard diazepam.

Diuretics induce negative fluid balance and are useful in the treatment of diseases like edema and hypertension. In the present study methanolic extracts of P. guajava was evaluated for anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity of in male albino rats. Preliminary phytochemical studies carried out indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, carotinoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols and carbohydrates in the extracts of P. guajava. Acute toxicity studies of the methanolic extract of the P. guajava did not exhibit any signs of toxicity up to 2 g/kg body weight. Since there was no mortality observed at a higher dose, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses were selected for evaluation of anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed on egg albumin induced paw edema in albino rats. A control having normal saline and a standard containing 25mg/kg Diclofenac sodium was used. The control group of animals showed a high inflammation within the time intervals while the standard animals showed a little inflammation. The extract of the leaves of P. guajava (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects at different time levels by a dose dependent manner. The diuretic activity of the extract was screened by quantification of urine volume and electrolyte concentration. Different doses of P. guajava (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally to hydrated rats and the urine output was measured every hour, up to 3 hours. Frusemide (20 mg/kg) was used as standard drug, while normal saline (10ml/kg) was used as control. The treatment of P. guajava at varying doses (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) increases the urine output and the potassium-sparing effect at was observed in a dose-dependent manner.

Ethno Pharmacological Relevance: Mastiche oleogum resin has been used in ancient Egypt as incense, preservative, breath sweetener. For the last 3000 year, it was used by traditional healers in Mediterranean and Middle East countries to relief the upper abdominal discomfort, gastralgia, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. This study intends to scientifically validate the traditional uses via investigating, comparing the chemical composition and gastroprotective activity of the essential oils and fractions of different types of commonly available mastiche oleogum resins in Egyptian markets and known as Greek, Persian, Chinese and Turkish mastiche oleogum resins. Material and Methods: The in vivo gastroprotective effect of the essential oils and different fractions of mastiche oleogum resins was evaluated in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry analysis (GC–MS). Results: The essential oil and petroleum ether fraction of Greek mastiche showed the most significant protective effect against the gastric damage caused by indomethacin in comparison to a known H2-receptor blocker "Ranitidine". The GC /MS analysis of the essential oils of Greek, Persian, Chinese, and Turkish mastiche oleogum resins showed that the major compounds are α-pinene (66.84%), longicyclene (50.88%), α- Copaene (38.16%) and α-ylangene (17.05%) respectively. Conclusions: The present study reinforces the use of mastiche oleogum resin as potential gastro protective agent. Moreover, the compiled obtained data from GC-MS of oil constituents may be used as markers for detection of different types of mastiches in markets.