Everyone can feel anxious sometimes, but people with anxiety disorders often experience fear and worry. Anxiety disorders are a serious threat to public health, affecting a major section of the world’s population. Although effective treatments exist, only a fraction of people with anxiety disorders receive treatment due to barriers such as lack of awareness, insufficient mental health services and social stigma. Plants containing flavonoids constituents are reported to be potent anti-anxiety. In this study, we evaluated the anxiolytic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Andrographis echioides aerial parts in rats. The study involved behavioral tests, such as the elevated plus maze, open field test and marble burying test to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of the extract. Acute oral toxicity test performed to determine safety profile of the plant extract. The results showed that the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, the central zone of the open field test and reduction in the number of buried marbles. These effects were comparable to the effect produced by diazepam. All the doses of plant extract employed for acute oral toxicity studies were found to be non - toxic. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins and amino acids. From the study, it can be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of Andrographis echioides at the dose of 200mg/kg possesses marked anxiolytic activity. Since flavonoids are known to promote anxiolytic activity, the presence of flavonoids in these plant extract may be the cause of the anxiolytic activity.

Medicinal plants have been used as drugs since ancient times and have significant value in primary health care. This study aims to investigate Muntingia calabura (Jamaica Cherry), belonging to the family Elaeocarpaceae, to explore its potential medicinal properties. From previous studies, we found that traditional medicinal use has been reported from the leaves (for headaches, gastric ulcers, prostate problems), bark (antiseptic) and fruits (respiratory problems, anti-diarrhoea). The present study gives an overview of the flower (antiseptic, reduces swelling) and its antimicrobial activities were documented. The hydroalcoholic extract of flowers was prepared by the maceration technique, which consists of primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. The extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, which can be further explored against E. coli and S. aureus microorganisms. Based on this study, we conclude that the extract can serve as an alternative to a marketed preparation.

Effect of budesonide in IgA nephropathy. After receiving the permission from hospital administration of Asian institute of nephrology and urology a retro prospective observational study was conducted. The patient’s data was collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the form of data collection forms. A total of 90 cases were collected to study the effect of budesonide in patients with IgA nephropathy. Pateint diagnosed with IgA nephropathy were prescribed with budesonide, mycophenolate mofetil and other antiproteinuric drug such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers. Patient’s serum creatinine, 24hr urine protein, Egfr, Albumin to creatinine ratio. 90 pateints were divided into 3 groups 30 in each based on different treatment regimen, group 1 patients with treatment regimen budesonide, mycophenolate mofetil, ace inhibitors, arbs Group 2 patients with treatment regimen mycophenolate mofetil, ace inhibitor, arbs. Group 3 with treatment regimen ace inhibitors and arbs. Total 35.6% female were part of the study and 64.4% male. Males are more prone to IgA nephropathy. Group I consistently showed the best kidney function, with the lowest creatinine, urine protein, and ACR, and a moderate increase in eGFR. Group III exhibited the slowest improvement across all parameters, indicating a possible delayed response or more severe baseline kidney dysfunction. Group II showed substantial improvements but was not as optimal as Group I. Overall, the intervention had a highly significant impact (p < 0.001) on improving kidney function, with Group I benefiting the most.