Ficusis a pan-tropical genus of trees, shrubs and vines occupying a wide variety of ecological niches; most are evergreen, but some deciduous species are endemic to areas outside of the tropics and to higher elevations. Healthy Wistar rats weighing between 180-220 g were used to carry out acute oral toxicity studies by the ‘staircase’ method. All successive extracts of Anjir leaves in 0.5% tween 80 was administered orally by gavages in graduated dose to several groups of experimental animals, one dose being used per group. The preliminary phytochemical screening like Saponins, Tannins, Amino acids, Proteins, Glycosides, Cardiac glycosides, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates and Flavonoids was done with the ethanolic extract of Anjir Leaves according to the procedure. The present study, diabetic rats had lower body weights, high blood glucose level as compared to the normal rats, which confirmed the induction of diabetic by alloxan. In spite of the increased food consumption, loss of body weight due to defect in glucose metabolism and excessive breakdown of tissue protein is a characteristic condition in diabetics. The treatment with ethanolic extract of Anjir leaves improved the average body weights of rats which indicate control over polyphagia and muscle wasting resulted due to hyperglycemic condition.

The effect of paper quality of four different paper types on antibiotic sensitivity of some clinical bacterial isolates was investigated using the disc diffusion method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Antibiotic discs were made from Whatman No.1filter paper, Copyman printing paper, Conqueror paper and Star-foolscap paper. Their difference in weight, thickness, absorbency and texture were determined and susceptibility testing was carried out with their discs against clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to determine the susceptibility and any effect in zone diameter due to difference in the paper qualities. Discs made from WhatmanNo.1 filter paper gave zone of inhibition 3mm larger than the other paper types and were also within the limits of the published standard for interpretation by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Statistical analysis of variance showed a significant difference in zone diameters produced by the discs of thevarious paper types as indicated by high variance ratio (F-ratios, 79.73).

The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of leaves and bark of Cassia fistula and Milletia pinnata was evaluated against Aspergillus niger,Candida albicans, E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lacto bacillus. The extracts showing good antimicrobial activity were further screened against Ampicillin resistant strains of Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanolic bark extract of Cassia fistula showed maximum activity against E coli and S aureus with zones of inhibition of 16 mm and 14 mm respectively. Also the methanolic leaf extract of Milletia pinnata showed good activity against E coli and S aureus with zones of inhibition of 13mm and 7mm respectively. This study concludes that these plantscan be formulated into topical disinfectant formulations and used to control resistant microbes causing nosocomial and community acquired infections.

The microbiological study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of flower extract of Bauhiniablakeana(Family-Fabaceae). The Acetone extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and Agar well diffusion method was used for the evaluation of Antimicrobial activity. This revealed the acetone extracts showing high Antimicrobial activity against the microbes. In the previous investigation showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins and phenols. This may be cause for their antimicrobial activity. Hence, we can conclude that the flower extracts of Bauhiniablakeanawas possess Antimicrobial activity.

Many of the modern medicines are produced indirectly from medicinal plants, for example aspirin. Plants are directly used as medicines by a majority of cultures around the world. The preliminary phytochemical screening like Saponins, Tannins, Amino acids, Proteins, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates and Flavonoids was done with Hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia belliricaleaf.Antibacterial activities of Terminalia belliricaleaf extract against three pathogenic bacteria were investigated by the agar well diffusion method.Antibacterial activity data revealed that Terminalia belliricaleaf showed promising antibacterial activity especially towards Gram negative bacteria.The inhibitory zone of E.coli is 16.3±1.02, 19.0±0.12, 22.6±1.08 in Pseudomonas aureusinhibition of zone is 12.2±0.14, 16.0±1.04, 23.4±0.06 and for Streptococcus pyrogensthe inhibition is 18.3±1.04, 21.3±0.08, 24.0±1.02 respectively. Specifically the zone of inhibition of Streptococcus pyrogenswith 400 µg/ml of Terminalia belliricaleaf extract is equal to that of standard.